For nearly three centuries Malleus Maleficarum (The Witches’ Hammer) was the professional manual for witch hunters. This work by two of the most famous. While the Malleus Maleficarum was the first comprehensive book of witchcraft and witchcraft prosecution, its authors did not create all their theories on witches. The Malleus Maleficarum was meant to be a manual for inquisitors. It laid foundations for much of the early modern period’s witch persecutions.

In he was empowered to proceed against the Waldensians and Picards. Navigation manual 2017 gmc sierra 1500. Magic in the Middle Ages. It’s very dark and misogynistic reading.

By default, it’s written for Cinematic Unisystem games like Buffy the Vampire Slayer and Angel, but it’s super easy to use the monster quicksheets with classic Unisystem rules, or extrapolate backward to a full stat block. Shave off any Drama Points the creature may have and call it good.

Malleus Maleficarum Index

Fordham University Center for Medieval Studies. Witches were not ignorant of the faith, like Muslims.

For those who are serious, this translated Malleus is indispensable. Pennsylvania State University Press.

We, the judge, etc. Thanks for telling us about the problem. So glad this was preserved for posterity.

University of Massachusetts Press. One of my ancestors, Cotton Mather, was a Puritan Therefore, most women are doomed to become witches, who cannot be redeemed; and the only recourse open to the authorities is to ferret out and exterminate all witches.

The Malleus Maleficarum

Before it was rare for anyone to be persecuted for witchcraft, but the increasingly common persecution of heresy and failure to fully defeat those heretics paved the way for later criminal prosecution of witchcraft. You know kids, ha-ha. Nonetheless, secrets that are heard at any time by inquisitors should not be revealed to everyone.

The ideas presented in the Malleus gradually seeped downwards, linking witchcraft with diabolism in the popular mind, thus divorcing the practice from an older and less malign root. It goes on to give accounts of witches committing these crimes. Citing such views, Kramer and Sprenger find that women are ‘intellectually like children,’ credulous and impressionable, and therefore easily fall prey to the devil. Malleus Maleficarump.

Just a moment while we sign you in to your Goodreads account. Witches were said to store the removed genitals in birds’ nests or in boxes, where “they move themselves like living members and eat oats and corn”. Now I understand some of the dumbest superstitions about witches that we still see pop up in movies and TV today like how witches can’t cry.

Malleus Maleficarum – Wikipedia

I didn’t know it existed until I took that class but I did know about the persecution of women who became to powerful or crossed someone powerful in a capacity they didn’t like. Anyway, that was a weird read.

Jerome, a variety of popes, and innumerable citations from the Bible. Previously, the courts had mostly pursued witchcraft when it involved maleficia, or harmful acts. Featured Twitter witch hunts.

He even derived the Latin word for woman, femina, from fe minus — ‘less in faith. The arguments are clearly laid for the lay magistrates prosecuting witches. Well, warlock, to get technic “Why is your son dressed like a pilgrim?

By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. He had enormous responsibilities. For the film, see Malleks. Oct 02, sologdin rated it it was ok Shelves: Not to mention complete abandonment and isolation. The treatise describes how women and men become inclined to practice witchcraft.

Conspiracy X is a role-playing game (RPG) originally released by New Millennium Entertainment in 1996, and since revised and released by several publishers including Steve Jackson Games and Eden Studios, Inc. In all versions, the setting posits that aliens are insiduously taking over the world, reminiscent of The X-Files.

Number of engines: N.A. Peugeot 206 roland garros owners manual 2017. Max power: N.A.

The current version is based on the Unisystem,^[1] but previous versions have used GURPS^[2] and its own system.^[3]

Setting[edit]

A secret American government agency called AEGIS has been aware since the Roswell Incident of 1947 that there is an extraterrestrial presence on Earth, characterized by supernatural and paranormal phenomena. Player characters take the role of AEGIS operatives, usually disaffected government agents employed by real-world organizations such as the FBI or ATF or an organization created for the game, such as the Defense Tactical Information Center or Project Rasputin. The game also touches on many modern popular conspiracy theories including the CIA involvement with psychics and the alien cover up from MKULTRA. The game can also be run to focus on paranormal happenings such as ghost sightings or ESP.

First Edition[edit]

The first edition was originally published as a 224-page softcover book by New Millennium Entertainment.^[4] Eden Studios acquired the rights, their first RPG, and continued to use the first version, which went through several printings, with the Third Printing – Revised carrying a copyright date of 1997.

Many supplemental books were produced for this line including books detailing alien technologies and races, books for dealing with the supernatural (as it is defined in the Conspiracy X world) and books on the governmental agencies featured in the core book (AEGIS and Black Book, also called the NDD), as well as a book on how to create conspiracies and the Bodyguard of Lies series, three books with miscellaneous additions to the world and rules as well as missions to roleplay.

This edition features an original rules system. Character generation is via a 'point-buy' system, where players are given 100 points to divide amongst basic abilities as well as skills and resources. The player can also purchase more points by adding disadvantages to the character. For example, adding 'Wanted by the Law' to the character nets another 20 points to spend.^[4]

Players then act communally to plan 'the Cell', the base of operations they will be using for the adventure, including details of location, facilities, staff, and equipment.^[4]

Actions are resolved with one of only four probabilities:

• Easy (100%) – Automatic Success (if your skill exceeds the difficulty level)
• Medium (58.3%) – Success on rolling 7 or lower on 2d6 (if your skill is equal to the difficulty level)
• Hard (16.7%) – Success on rolling 4 or lower on 2d6 (if your skill is a single point lower than the difficulty level)
• Impossible (0%) – Automatic Failure (if your skill is more than a single point lower than the difficulty level)

There are also resolution systems for non-skill actions, competitive actions, extended actions such as research, and use of specific powers and abilities using the core resolution system as a base. Difficulties range from 1 to 5, and sometimes higher for very difficult actions.

Players can also try to use their character's psychic abilities by utilising Zener cards (square, star, cross, wave or circle). If a player wants to use his character's psychic ability, perhaps to foretell the future, the player names one of the symbols; the gamemaster draws a number of cards corresponding to the character's psychic ability and turns them over. If one of the cards is the symbol predicted by the player, the psychic action succeeds.^[4]

Supplements[edit]

The first edition was very well supported, with a number of supplements:

• The Aegis Handbook (1997) – Player's Guide to Aegis.
• The Hand Unseen (2002) – Player's Guide to the NDD, or Black Book.
• Nemesis (1999) – Grey sourcebook.
• Atlantis Rising (1998) – Atlantean sourcebook.
• Exodus (1999) – Saurian sourcebook.
• Forsaken Rites (1997) – Supernatural sourcebook.
• Shadows of the Mind (1999) – Psi sourcebook.
• Cryptozoology (1997) – Dossier of the Unexplained.
• Sub Rosa (1999) – Conspiracy Creation sourcebook.
• Gamemaster Screen (1996) – with adventure module included.
• Bodyguard of Lies series:
  • Psi Wars (1998) – Introduces Dreaming, New Creditials, Trait and Resources, Alternate Weapon Ranges, Compilation of Alien Technology Resource Points and Psionics, New Informational Sources, Fear and insanity Rules, Manifestations, Biological, chemical, and radioactive menaces. The majority of the supplement is Psi-Wars, a complete Conspiracy X scenario.
  • Mokole (1998)
  • Synergy (1999) – Introduces Rules for Toxins and Poisons. The majority of the supplement is Synergy, a complete Conspiracy X scenario.

GURPS Edition[edit]

Another version was published in 2002 using the GURPS rules-set. This was the second Powered by GURPS licensed game to be produced outside of Steve Jackson Games. In addition to GURPS rules it provided conversion guidelines for players of the first Conspiracy X. The GURPS variant is part of the 'Classic' Edition line and features the same cover art.

Second Edition (Conspiracy X 2.0)[edit]

Conspiracy X 2.0 was published in 2006 (features the Unisystem rules) and was nominated for an ENnie AwardBest RPG for 2007.^[5] This edition presented conversion guidelines for players of the 1st Edition of the game (although no GURPS conversions are provided).Since the release of Conspiracy X 2.0, the following supplements have also been produced:

• Extraterrestrials Sourcebook (PDF in May 2010, successful Kickstarter in November 2011 for a print edition).^[6]
• The Paranormal Sourcebook (print and PDF editions via Kickstarter funding January 2012).^[7]
• The Conspiracies Sourcebook (print and PDF editions via Kickstarter funding July 2012).^[8]

Reception[edit]

Andy Butcher reviewed Conspiracy X for Arcane magazine, rating it a 9 out of 10 overall.^[9] Butcher comments that 'Conspiracy X is the most impressive first roleplaying release in a long time, and it's a great game. It combines a setting and style that will be familiar enough for players and referees to easily understand with an incredibly detailed and atmospheric background, clear, simple rules and an impressive range of original and clever ideas.'^[9]

In the August 1996 edition of Dragon (Issue 232), Rick Swan characterized the first edition of this game as 'the latest entry in the Aliens Walk Among Us sweepstakes, and it’s also the best.' Swan criticized the combat system, which he found overly complicated for a game that supposedly discourages combat in favour of investigation; but he admired the game concept called The Cell, where players must agree on the details of their base of operations. Swan also liked the use of the Zener Test for psychic abilities, calling it cool that 'the character’s success depends on the player’s real-life 'psychic' powers. Neat, eh?' Swan, having only playtested the game through one adventure, was unwilling to give un unqualified recommendation. 'But our introductory scenario revealed no serious flaws. More importantly, it generated a table-full of satisfied customers, hungry for more.^[4]

In a 1996 reader poll conducted by Arcane magazine to determine the 50 most popular roleplaying games of all time, Conspiracy X was ranked 23rd. Editor Paul Pettengale commented: 'By far the best of the modern-day horror games inspired by The X-Files, Conspiracy X has a meticulously constructed background which combined reality and fiction to create a frighteningly plausible setting. Reading through the background is enough to spark ideas for scenarios and even whole campaigns. The rules are simple and quick, while still allowing for a fair degree of complexity, and feature a unique and interesting system for dealing with psychic powers. Excellent stuff.'^[10]

In 2001, Sarah Hollings published a review of the first edition of Conspiracy X for the on-line roleplaying magazine Places to Go, People to See. Hollings liked the game, but found some of the rules around dice rolling overly complicated. 'The damage system is frightening. The words daunting and confusing also spring to mind.. There are some really good ideas in the combat system, and the underlying concepts are not complex. However the rendering of these ideas into a game mechanic has resulted in a very complicated and clunky system, in places unworkably so.' While calling for updated rules revisions to replace the ad hoc house rules most gamemasters would need to employ, Hollings nonetheless recommended the game, saying, 'There is a lot to like in Con X, as a system, and as a world setting. Yes, the mechanic sucks in many ways; yes, it often borders on unplayable, but nonetheless the work needed to come to a workable understanding (read 'house ruleset') is ultimately worth it for the fun you can have.'^[11]

Reviews[edit]

• Shadis #25 (March, 1996)
• Pyramid #21 (Sept./Oct., 1996)

References[edit]

1. ^Richeson, Christopher (2006). 'Review of Conspiracy X Second Edition'. RPGnet. Retrieved 2007-09-30.
2. ^Dady, Gavin (2002). 'GURPS Conspiracy X'. RPGnet. Retrieved 2007-10-02.
3. ^Powel, Aaron (1998). 'Conspiracy X'. The Gaming Outpost. Archived from the original on 2007-12-11. Retrieved 2007-10-02.
4. ^ ^abcdeSwan, Rick (August 1996). 'Roleplaying Reviews'. Dragon. TSR, Inc. (232): 106–108.
5. ^'ENnie Nominations: Best RPG of 2007' (2nd ed.). ENWorld. 2007-08-25. Archived from the original on 2007-09-18. Retrieved 2007-09-27.
6. ^'Conspiracy X RPG The Extraterrestrials Sourcebook'. Retrieved 2013-10-01.
7. ^'Conspiracy X RPG The Paranormal Sourcebook'. Retrieved 2013-10-01.
8. ^'Conspiracy X RPG The Conspiracies Sourcebook'. Retrieved 2013-10-01.
9. ^ ^abButcher, Andy (June 1996). 'Games Reviews'. Arcane. Future Publishing (7): 56–59.
10. ^Pettengale, Paul (Christmas 1996). 'Arcane Presents the Top 50 Roleplaying Games 1996'. Arcane. Future Publishing (14): 25–35.
11. ^Hollings, Sarah (2001). 'Review of Conspiracy X'. Places to Go, People to Be: The Online Magazine for Roleplayers. Retrieved 2007-09-30.

External links[edit]

• GURPS Conspiracy X page at Steve Jackson Games